Adaptation to climate change poses important challenges in the field of knowledge, both in terms of its physical bases and its social components. Research on the costs, impacts, risks and adaptation to climate change, carried out by public and private actors, has made significant progress in Spain in recent decades.
At the international level, the IPCC determines the state of knowledge on climate change. Working Group II assesses the vulnerability of socio-economic and natural systems to climate change, negative and positive consequences of climate change and options for adapting to it.
Within the framework of the European Union, Horizon Europe, the Research and Innovation Investment Program for the period 2021-2027, establishes in its Pillar II the Cluster 5, which addresses "Climate, energy and mobility".